Autism in Saudi Arabia

Introduction Educators and other educational staff are facing increasing challenges of planning and employing efficient education programs for all the students including those with mental problems like autism. Recent research has presented excellent materials that have been collected by teachers and other supporters of children with autism, together with their families.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Autism in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because of the amount of information available on this, teachers can be able to develop teaching program for individual students based on the needs. However, there are some key ideas and methods of supporting such students that need understanding by teachers, other supporters and family of such students. Students suffering from autism are not able to learn easily and in the same manner as their normal peers and as such, they require support to help the m succeed. This support may come in the form of modification of the curriculum to cater for the special needs of the autistic children. Saudi Arabia has developed special schools with curricula that are designed to help these students who have special needs for them to learn. The teachers are specially trained for this job. Definition of Autism Information about autism is very important for teachers and other educational supporters and this will be the basis on which teaching methods and other support services will be devised (American Psychiatric Association 2010, para. 3). Instructors and education supporters will benefit by understanding the definition, description of its characteristics and the repercussions for teaching. They will also understand strategies for effective teaching and management of autistic students. Autism is described as a Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) and this condition has a number of characteristics that are define it (American Psychiatric Associat ion 2010, para. 3). They include, impaired communication, poor social interaction and behaviour and restricted, recurring and stereotypic behavioural patterns of conduct and activities.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Autism is hence a complex disorder of the neurological function of the brain and it is essentially as medical condition rated on a spectrum (Al-Ayadhi 2008, p. 192). Its symptoms therefore range on a continuum of combination being described as mild to severe (Roth 2011, p. 18). For instance, a patient can suffer intellectual disability while another patient may have normal intelligence development. There could be a number of hardships in the expansive and receptive language communication and it’s estimated that about half of the autistic individuals fail to develop functional speech (Roth 2011, p. 18). However, for those who do, their speech is usua lly with inadequate communicative function and of very pitiable quality. Autism is not a curable condition and it’s a life-long development disorder that a person has to cope with (Al-Ayadhi 2008, p. 192). The individual will always fail to easily understand what she/he sees, hears or otherwise sense by other senses. This is what aggravates the social relationships, conduct and communication problems. Even though it’s known that people with autism face serious difficulties when it comes to social interaction and conduct, the level usually vary. Some patients are usually withdrawn from social activities while others are overactive and interact with people in weird ways (Roth 2011, p. 19). Students with autism had difficulties if inattention and often resist change. They may respond to sensory stimulation in an unusual way and may portray odd character like spinning or flapping their hands (Al-Ayadhi 2008, p. 193). Autistic individuals can have common characteristics but there is never tow people presenting same profile of symptoms or behaviour. The common characteristics are used for identifying the general need for autistic individuals. However, it is pertinent to combine understanding of specific abilities, interests and the observed signs for every student (Roth 2011, p. 18). Causes of Autism It is yet to be proven the actual cause of combination of factors that precipitate into autism. However, research has found increasing evidence that this is a genetic disorder with a number of genes being affected (Lopez-Duran 2010, para. 2). The mode of genetic transmission is very complicated and researches have concentrated identifying and isolating the involved genes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Autism in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Evidence shows that there is higher prevalence in children born out of early pregnancies or early life activities and en vironment could affect the vulnerability if the child (Newschaffer et al. 2007, p. 237). Some studies also show that the brain of autistic people is slightly different from normal individuals as anomalies in the nerves in the head have been observed. The Diagnosis Trained physicians or clinical psychologist in autism are the people who can be able to do an accurate diagnosis. However, the assessment and diagnosis is supposed to entail a multidisciplinary team of a language and speech pathologist, psychologist, and a paediatrician psychiatrist (Lopez-Duran 2010, para. 2). A psychologist assesses the developmental stage and behaviour of the child, the language pathologist evaluates communicative language expression and the paediatrician psychiatrist helps to rule out other causes of the observed symptoms (Roth 2011, p. 23). There is a criteria developed for this diagnosis, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder – DSM IV and it uses the following major symptoms ; impaired communication and wretched social interaction (Newschaffer et al. 2007, p. 237) restrictive, recurrent and stereotypic manner of conduct, activity and concern Saudi Arabia’s Stance on Autism Saudi Arabia does not have a good reputation when it comes to taking care of members with special needs like autistic children. It is therefore a great moment anytime, autism in Saudi Arabia is discussed because the position is going to change dramatically (Al-Salehi 2009, p. 340). Since the condition has no cure, it is often feared by parents in Saudi Arabia. One can really seen people with disability in Saudi Arabia and this is not to mean that they do not exist rather it’s because of the societal treatment of these people that make them isolated. The people are very judgmental on disabled individual together with their families and the harsh treatment they give such people often makes them to be isolated or hidden by family members to avoid contempt from other peopl e (Al-Salehi 2009, p. 340).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even in today’s society, physical and mental problems are still widely stigmatized in this Arab kingdom and parents keep their autistic children hidden because of the fear of ridicule and as such, these children fail to get the help they require to attain better development. There have been very few studies in Saudi Arabia on autism because of the social isolation and discriminations of families with such people and the patients themselves (Al-Salehi 2009, p. 340). However, some rough estimates about the prevalence of the condition in Saudi Arabia show that there are 18 people affected by the condition out of 10,000 (Fombonne 2003, p. 89). This is even higher than the developed nations which average at 13 per 10,000. In the recent address of the autism problem in the world, the last world autism awareness, it was very exciting to see that the Arab world taking part. This means they are ready to take the bold step of addressing autism like any other diseases by providing relev ant resources. To understand its diagnosis and the ways that people can use to support autistic children (Fombonne 2003, p. 91). Even though children with autism are different, they are very important component of the society as human beings and need help just like other children. More male children suffer autism compare to female children in Saudi Arabia, and the number of registered cases of autism increasing as families come open with their children who need help (Fombonne 2003, p. 91). Saudi has a plan through its ministries to offer support to families with such people in terms of medication and social services. Because of the limited, currently only the Saudi children are eligible for the financial assistance from the government (Fombonne 2003, p. 96). However, there are plans underway where, more of the residents even the non-Saudi children will be able to get this financial aid in the near future. Special Needs Saudi Arabia has few schools for the autistic children. This was an idea hatched to address the hardship that parents go through in trying to find a proper school for their children. This is often a daunting experience, coupled with the ridicule from some people and compounded with the fact that normal school may not adequately address the needs of these special students, it is proper to have greater understanding of learning needs of autistic children (Al-Salehi 2009, p. 343). There are very few options available for education the children with autism and this is the reason for increasing the scope of the special needs which are autistic specific and recommending it to the government. Typically autistic students are unable to learn things instantly by observation and participation because of their impaired communication and social development, these children have very minimal interest in the learning situation. Their thought, perception of the environment around them and attention span is greatly affected (Newschaffer et al. 2007, p. 239). Desp ite these difficulties, these children have a right to education, right to play and enjoy their childhood and the right to therapy. Ethically, there are certain best practices that need to be put into consideration. Just like other children, autistic children need to have a safe and predictable learning environment. They need to be at the same development level as their normal peers as much as possible though to achieve this they will need extensive support (American Psychiatric Association 2010, para. 6). The children should have consistent routines and processes to follow in their education. There should be very minimal distractions and sensory stimuli in the learning environment (Newschaffer et al. 2007, p. 239). Autism specific skill should be taught by use of behaviour modification model with the children’s conduct as basis of instruction. The instructors should set communication as the main goal and finally there should be incentives and reinforcement of the learnt mate rial or activities. Addressing Deficits of Autistic Children Communication All children with autism have difficulties in language expression and communication even though the degree to which this happens varies a lot. The problems could be non-verbal or serious language deficiency in social use (Ozand et al., 2003, p. 56). Children tend to be caught up in their own world where communication is not significant. The common problem includes abnormal gestures, improper facial expression, strange body language or gesture and poor non-verbal communication. They have limited vocabulary, slower or fast talk, repetitive and meaningless speck and limited social function (Lopez-Duran 2010, para. 2). There is a long list of factors of bad communication and students have difficulty in understanding verbal information, following a conversation and recalling a series of instruction. Implication in education: in order to help these students to understand, Saudi Arabia education system has to use ef fective programs for comprehensive communication evaluation and intervention. This will involve speech and language assessment and informal observation of the way children carry themselves around in the class environment (Karim 2009, p. 9). This assessment identifies goals and help in development of strategies that will help instructors to facilitate development of receptive language and expressive skills (Ozand et al. 2003, p. 56). Instruction should be able to emphasize on development of attention capacity, imitation, and comprehension and good use of language. Social interaction Students suffering from autism have varied social interaction behaviour and in most cases they experience a lot if difficulties in establishing new relationships. Their way of interaction is rigid and very limited (Ozand et al. 2003, p. 57). This difficulty is often interpreted as lack of interest of refusal to interaction with peers. Such children in Saudi Arabia were often and some still are secluded be cause of this. This ineffective communication causes inability to distill social information from social interaction and utilize proper skills of communicating. In order to understand social situations, the student needs to process the language and non-verbal communication and this is the major deficit in autistic children (Ozand et al. 2003, p. 57). These children fail to notice crucial social cues and often miss on important messages. These children cannot non-verbal behaviour with their social interaction and they in the same manner fail to read non-verbal communication from others (Karim 2009, p. 9). Students fail to connect mental states and activities. For instance, autistic children may not realize another child annoyed even when that particular child is crying just since they themselves are not annoyed. Instructors are able to better help these children when they understand that these children may not be able to perceive that other people have different viewpoints (Karim 200 9, p. 9). The autistic students also have unusual and stereotypical way of playing with toys and they play lacks creative imagination. Implication in teaching – social skills development is very important for these students who have special needs and it is an important factor for devising plans to manage their challenging behaviours. These students cannot learn just by observing or participating (Magnusen 2005, p. 81). It is hence proper to target specific instruction and offer support for this instruction skills in a social setting. Unusual Behaviour Children with autism in most cases demonstrate strange and distinctive behaviour like resisting change (Magnusen 2005, p. 81). They also get fascinated by movement like spinning, preoccupation with some parts of a toy, limited range of interests and rigid adherence to non-functional habits. Implication in teaching – most of these unusual and stereotypical behaviours can be due to other causes like sensory stimulation and lack of understanding the social situation or anxiety. The instruction plan for these students should include strategies that will expand the interests of the students. The instruction should also be based on the student’s reaction to sensory stimuli, development skills and preparation of the students for the anticipated change (Ashcroft et al 2009, p. 143). When planning on the teaching strategy, Saudi teachers should put into consideration the problematic behaviour and its implication on a particular student. For instance, a student who has a problem in attention and evading things, it could not be easy to do away will all the repetitive behaviours (Karim 2009, p. 10). For successful instruction and support for these students, environmental adjustments to reduce improper behaviour can be necessary. This can be used together with training students on other proper behaviour serving the same purpose. Poor Attention span Autistic children have unusual attention span and they ha ve difficulties in a range of areas. This has a very serious implication for effective communication, academics achievement and social development (Magnusen 2005, p. 85). Students with autism suffer attention deficits and they fail to focus on relevant cues or information in the surrounding (Ozand et al. 2003, p. 58). Their attention is focused on specific areas of the environment and they consequently exclude relevant information. For instance, students may be looking at a ball and not the person the ball is going to be thrown to. If not, a child could fail to take note of insignificant details like the staple holding a booklet and not the writing in it. Students could also have some difficulties in disengaging or shifting their focus to other objects or information and this is what contributes to the rigidity and resistance to change (Ashcroft et al 2009, p. 143). In the education of Saudi children, this behaviour is an impediment to instruction therefore leads to poor performance . Implication for teaching – difficulties with attention could considerably affect the students’ ability to develop social character and use of language. For instance, an autistic student could react to irrelevant social cue that catch their attention or they could respond to only a part of a conversation and therefore fail to understand the message that was being passed across (Ozand et al. 2003, p. 59). These students are not able to pay attention to multiple cues in a conversation. Therefore when instruction is being passed to these students, Saudi instructor should ensure that these instructions are passed in proper format, which is coherent and focuses their attention by putting emphasis on pertinent information. Individual plan can be developed for each student to focus their attention as part of the instruction strategy (Magnusen 2005, p. 88). Supporting Students with Autism Classroom Modification It is appropriate that each student should have and personal educ ation plan. This plan should describe the goals, the curricula, and accommodations. The classroom should be planned well and everything in it arranged properly (Magnusen 2005, p. 68). With Saudi stepping up the its effort to provide support to children with autism, the instructors of these special schools should be able to utilize a structured teaching schedule listing the activities that will be carried out by the students during the day (Magnusen 2005, p. 68). Unlike in the normal classes, these children need to be engaged on tasks that explicitly focus on learning objectives because their attention is deficient. These children may not change from one task to another easily. These children could want to remain sited on a particular seat or use a certain pencil all through (Ashcroft et al 2009, p. 144). The transition from one task to the next should be properly designed so that the change can be effected by everyone and the teacher can help students who have difficulties on changi ng (Magnusen, 2005, p. 69). The new changes are introduced gradually in the instructional learning goals that differentiate the learning objectives of these students with special needs. Things like sound (high pitch), light (very bright light) and smell should be checked because these students could present unusual sensitivity to these factors. The instruction should be done by repetition of the information, restructuring sentences, rephrasing questions (Ashcroft et al 2009, p. 148), using visual cues to alter behaviour and modelling of tasks. Peer Initiation Tactics This strategy is where the socially competent peers are taught and trained to strike a conversation and maintain social interaction with the autistic children in a normal setting. Two children are paired in this strategy (socially competent and autistic) (Lopez-Duran 2010, para. 6). These peer-mediated social interaction processes have been under research for a number of years. These strategies yield direct outcome of i ncreased social response by the autistic children (Magnusen 2005, p. 81). This strategy is very effective because of the peer acceptance and increased positive social interaction that it brings to the students. Besides pairing, triads can be used where two socially competent peers are matched with autistic child and this is thought to bring better outcome. The reason being that it compensates for the ‘dead time’ in the pairing system where communication is somehow limited (Magnusen 2005, p. 81). The advantages of using the peer-initiated strategies, these strategies take place in the natural setting. The outcomes are valid interaction skills because the programs are dependent on socially competent students. Besides the strategies are easier and time efficient (Magnusen, 2005, p. 84). These strategies cause increased positive response for both autistic children and the normal children. This develops long lasting social skills as well. Structured Teaching This is a strate gy of teaching children with special needs and it involves the use of a variety of instructional models like visual supports, music, and picture exchange communication among others. This design of teaching arranges the learning environment in a manner that will allow the children to easily understand (Ashcroft et al, 2009, p. 149). Visual cues are very important for this type of learning because children with autism can easily focus on the appropriate information which would otherwise have been difficult for them in normal learning setup. Physical structure is the manner in which the environment is set up for learning. This is basically what is done in the classroom modification. However, it extends to thinks like the playground, hallways and locker rooms (Ashcroft et al, 2009, p. 152). This should be done in a very clear and expressive manner that the children are able to follow or attend to what is supposed to be done. Conclusion Children with autism are not competent enough to le arn like their peers who are normal. This is the reason why, these children need support in their education or learning programs to attain same success as their peers. Their instructional programs are complex since each child is unique in terms of learning style, development of social skills, communication and they have odd character. The Saudi Arabian government should ensure that as it supports education for children with autism, the instructional program should be based on the unique special needs of every student as variability is only a slight one. Reference List Al-Ayadhi, L.Y.., 2008. Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response In Autistic Children In Central Saudi Arabia, Neurosciences, Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 192-3. Al-Salehi, S.M., Al-Hifthy, E.H., Ghaziuddin, M. 2009. Autism in Saudi Arabia: Presentation, Clinical Correlates And Comorbidity, Transcult Psychiatry, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 340–7. American Psychiatric Association. 2010. Development: 299.9 Autistic disorder. Web. Ava ilable from  https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm . Ashcroft, W., Argiro, S., Keohane, J., 2009, Success Strategies for Teaching Kids with Autism, Waco, Tex: Prufrock Press. Fombonne, E. 2003. The Prevalence of Autism, JAMA. Vol. 289, No. 1, pp. 87-89. Karim, F.P., 2009, The Effectiveness of Instructional Strategies Used For Children with Autism, Michigan: ProQuest. Lopez-Duran, N., 2010. Autism and Asperger’s in the DSM-V: Cognitive Utility. Web. Available from  http://www.child-psych.org/2010/02/autism-and-aspergers-in-the-dsm-v-thoughts-on-clinical-utility.html . Magnusen, C., 2005, Teaching Children with Autism and Related Spectrum Disorders: An Art and A Science. London/ Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Newschaffer, C. J., et al. 2007. The Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Annu Rev Public Health, Vol. 28, pp. 235-258. Ozand, P.T., Al-Odaib, A., Merza, H., Al Harbi, S., 2003. Autism: A Review. Journal of Pediatric Neurology, Vol. 1 , No. 2, pp. 55-67. Roth, I., 2011, Researching the Autism Spectrum: Contemporary Perspectives, New York: Cambridge University Press. This research paper on Autism in Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user Aaden Combs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Other programs were started like sustainable energy for all , all that to avoid climate changes consequences like , sea level rise , melting glaciers , earthquakes , hurricanes .The Kyoto protocol is regarded as a big achievement and a strong effort to finish this problems. They had planned some decisions in 2014 in New York to be taken this year 2015 on the next seminar in Paris. All this actions showed how United Nations dealt and is always making efforts to prevent effectively the environment problems. At last but not at least one of most important area in the present days which the U.N is involved is the Humanitarian Aid. Achieve cooperation among states to solve international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character its one of the principles stated in U.N charter. The United Nations have done helping in the reconstruction of the Europe after Second World War , nowadays alongside with some other nongovernmental organizations. It’s possible to say that the U.N organizations responsible to solve this issue have made and still making a very good and efficient job dealing with human aid. UNICEF , United Nations Children Fund have responded well to problems such as nutrition , hygiene , basically education millions of kids have been denied the right so study , investment in girls education , social inclusion all over the globe. The United Nations Refugee Agency helped lots and lots of immigrants providing food, clothes, advices on asylum applications, provide transport to those returning home. All These actions resulted in two prizes Nobel peace prize for UNICEF in 1965, and Principe of Asturias. Great advance in the prevention and fight against HIV other very important step towards Human better living conditions To conclude the United Nations prove to be an efficient institution , because it’s unfair to do an evaluation , based in only one area no matter the importance given to this issue by the state members. The U.N Security Council failure has more to do with the cold war than other reason. The institution is nowadays more than a peacekeeper, an organization for conflict resolutions. They are more engaged in a vast array of work that seeks to improve people lives all over globe. So it’s possible to say that the U.N will be as good as the members will allow it to be. References http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/women/ http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/family/who5.htm http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/Adan/Peacebuilding%20Organizations%20%20Institutions%20-%20June%202011.pdf www.un.org wwwwww.isn.ethz.ch.globalpolicy.org Marketing Plan For Nestle: Kit Kat Nuts Marketing Plan For Nestle: Kit Kat Nuts Nestle is going to launch Kit Kat Nuts which is extension to the existing Nestle Kit Kat chocolate. Kit Kat Nuts will particularly target the young adult segment between the age of 22 to 40. Kit Kat Nuts has to compete with the well established chocolate brand like Snickers and Cadbury Fruit and Nut, Cadbury whole Nut. The quality of the products offered by Nestle to its customers will help to drive the sales of the Kit Kat Nuts. Kit Kat Nuts has its goal to minimize the losses in the first year with increasing the product awareness by huge promotional and marketing activity as well. In the second year it estimated to achieve at least break even point and thereby kick start the growth in the sales and profits. (1)Individual Situation Analysis report Nestle is worlds highly efficient nutrition, health and wellness provider. With head office in Vevey, Switzerland it was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestle. Nestle company as a whole made up of various others brands which offers various products such as coffee, water, ice cream, chilled products, confectionary and chocolates, frozen foods, cereals etc. Nestle is delivering its product services to almost all over the world which is mainly possible due to thorough knowledge and understanding of the domestic nature of tastes, preferences and health of the people. Nestlà ©s main source of income is food and beverages, in addition it produces pharmacy product as well like Alcon. The food industry is very competitive field which means no company can feel relaxation at any time, therefore Nestle has to consistently evaluate its performance and search for the new ways of satisfying the customer needs. Nestle needs to carry on with its marketing strategy of segmenting the customers and producin g the product keeping in mind the trends and demands of the product. (1.1) Market summary: Since Henri Nestle started its operation in 1867 as a milk food provider, Children are one of the main targeted segments for the Nestle. In addition it spreads its market to adult and older people as well by targeting them their specific tastes and preferences. Kit Kat nuts will specifically target the adult people for the reason that children do not normally like the nuts but the adult people do prefer the chocolates with some nuts in it. The segmented market will be targeted for the near term say first two years and then after evaluating its performance it will be spread to other segment accordingly. Following table 1.1 summarizes needs and corresponding features/benefits of the Kit Kat nuts. Segment Customer need Corresponding feature /benefits Young students Healthy chocolate Kit kat nuts includes peanu which provides healthy options Working class Hunger Kit Kat nuts satisfies hunger needs by about 25% nuts in one product Old People Milk chocolate with some nuts Kit Kat Nuts includes 50% milk chocolate with option to buy dark chocolate as well. The competition in the confectionary market is so immense that Nestle has to match its every step with its industry rivals for continuous and long term growth of the company. (1.2) Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity , Threat analysis Nestle is a well established company and got huge experience of about 150years of providing highly qualified products. These facts provide great strength for the functioning in the competitive market. Nestle got weakness as lack of success in the organic food industry. Nestle got major opportunity to exploit their brand awareness in the market by launching new lines of products. The major threat consists of competition form the near rivals. Strength: Nestle got following strengths. High market share: Nestle is delivering its product to almost all countries in the world. Globally its share in the market is quite substantial. The first quarter sales of the year 2010 for the group were 26.3 billion with 4.8% internal growth. Branding: Nestle got ability to consistently keep the existing product in the mind of the consumer vis a vis extending the product line to cover additional market share. Nestle has been successful in keeping major brands from sleeping by renovating existing product lines. Recognizing local preferences: Nestle is performing its operations in the whole world. The main idea of understanding and producing the product according to the local nature of nutrition, health and wellness of the people provides strength to the company. Weaknesses: Insufficient growth in organic food: Nestlà ©s growth in organic food is not significant. In fact it was flat in 2008, even though industry grew 8.9%. Health and safety issues The FDA have been constantly examining the breakfast and cereals industry from quite some time. They are of a view that false claims like heart healthy and lower cholesterol should not exist on the packaging of the cereals. Lack of presence in retail market: Nestle is lacking in somewhat as a presence in the retailing market. The retailing section is very vital as most of the consumer go through the traditional shop for the day to day buying and if there is no existence or less existence of the Nestle product the sales going to be suffered. Opportunity: Introducing more health products: As they are market leader, it can introduce more health based products for the health conscious society. They are more likely to be successful because it is already accepted by the people as a health and wellbeing company and they got the successful history behind them. New acquisitions: Nestle is integrating in the developing economies with the help of new acquisitions of businesses which provides them opportunity to enlarge their share in the market. Opportunity in the emerging economies: There is vast amount of market in the new emerging economy like china and India. Nestle got significant operation in the emerging countries like India, china and Brazil. Threats: Competition: Nestle is competing with some of the big market giant like Cadbury(Kraft foods), Kelloggs, Heinz, Starbucks, Hersheys etc .These industry rivals poses all time threat to the company to put up its substitute product in the market. The FDA regulations In 2007 findings of the FDA suggests that certain pet food item were the cause of the death of the cat and dogs. The outcome is that tougher norms and regulations posed by the FDA for the import of the raw material from another country. Increase in the chocolate ingredients: Raw chocolate ingredients prices have increased substantially in last few years e.g in 2008 dairy costs itself consists of 50% alone. This threat often poses challenge on the company to produce the same standard quality products keeping in mind the pricing factor as well. 1.3 Competition The confectionary industry is highly competitive in nature. It comprises of other world class chocolate maker like Cadbury (now Kraft), Mars, Kelloggs etc. Nestlà ©s nearest rivals are Cadbury and mars. They often introduced new lines of products that are difficult to copied or produce the similar product. Following are the nearest competitors of the Nestle. Cadbury: Cadbury is one of the strongest competitors which got tremendous variety of products with significant market share. With the takeover of the Cadbury by Kraft which American base company, it has been stronger than before. Cadbury got presence in almost each country in the world with the various lines of products. Mars: One more US based company which produces various lines like mars, snickers, galaxy, bounty etc. Mars is not that much stronger competition as compared to Cadbury, but still it is starting to concentrate on the growing market like India and China. With our product of Kit Kat Nuts the first rival is Snickers which is being produced by Mars. As they got successful history behind providing the nuts product, it is going to be challenging for the Nestle to enter into the market with the new line. Kelloggs: Kelloggs is mainly competitive in the breakfast and cereal products and they are targeting the customers by variety of nutritional products. Nestle has been competing with Kelloggs by its cereal line like Cheerios, Minis, Chocà ³ Pic ets. Following table suggest the various competitor of the current product under study and their pricing. Competitor Features Recommended price Cadbury Made up with nuts 1.4 Product Offerings Nestle kit kat which is the existing product of the company and one of the highly selling chocolate in the world. Extending it to include the nuts to the chocolate will provide great additional feature to the existing product. Following are the main features which will be offered by the Kit Kat Nuts. New feature of nuts in the chocolate. The nuts will be roasted and will be fresh. Presence of caramel in between as well. Extention of the both normal and dark chocolate. Low amount of flavourings and maximum use of milk in the chocolate. 1.5 Distribution Channel Mostly retailers are the main channel of distribution for the Nestle .Nestle is using other forms of distribution like Supermarket Tesco and Asda for covering large market at one time. While it is worthwhile to think out of the box here that is it not the good idea to open Nestlà ©s own chain of stores around the market which will give company direct interaction with the consumer, decrease the presence of the middleman and increase efficiency in delivering those products. (2)Marketing Plan (2.1) Marketing Strategy: The marketing strategy of the product under study describes the objective of the product, what are the target markets and how the target market is going to be targeted? Positioning and pricing strategy, how the product is going to be distributed and advertising of the product. Objectives: As nestle is comparatively known to the market and already got healthiest brand in the market, following objectives has been set for the new product line Kit Kat Nuts. First year objective is to put maximum efforts towards familiarizing customers with the new line and try to cover at least 5% of the market covered by the other rivals. In the second year it is likely to introduce with new lines like kit Kat ginger. It is likely to show negligible profit or even loss in the first year, but in the second year equilibrium or significant profit may be achieved. (B)Target Segments *Market Segmentation is the process of dividing a market into subsections based on specific needs and wants. These people will have similar reactions to products. This will help marketers design their marketing mix (4 Ps!) (Kate Notes) Nestlà ©s main targeted segment will be the working class adult because nuts can provide for hunger needs with sufficient amount of calories in one chocolate. The secondary target will be older people as it can prove worth for the older people to have some nuts with the chocolates. Other markets that may be targeted are the young students studying in colleges and in universities. These segments then can be targeted for the advertisements and promotional activity of the product. It is important to note here that the segment created should be targeted using appropriate channel of advertisements otherwise it can lead to unexpected results for the future. It is vital to develop different strategy for the different group of persons for success of the new product line. (C)Positioning Positioning means creating the position in the mind of the cusotomers. Positioning may be done mainly in two ways. (1)Differentiation: Differentiating current product with the other product on the bases of superior quality. (2)Pricing: Setting competitive prices of the product so that creating position in the mind of the customer e.g Reynar has created themselves as a cheap air service provider in the mind of customer. For the product under review we will use differentiation strategy because Nestle got the image in the market as nutrition, health and wellness provider so there is no need to compete on the bases of prices. (D)Strategies Product: Product strategy will particularly emphasized on how many lines of product to be introduced, how the product should be packaged?, what kind of guarantee to be offered to the customer . Kit Kat nuts will be packaged similar to the normal Kit Kat but additional feature of picture of almond on the wrapper will be shown to pass the message to the customers that kit kat got nuts. In addition on the back side of that there will be short questionnaire to be complete so that gathering the views form the customers about the new product line. Each packet will contain returned information if customer is not satisfied with the product. Particularly Nuts word on the packaging will be highlighted in different colour to build up product awareness and brand awareness among the customers to easily locate the Nestle Kit Kat brand. For the first 6 months only Kit Kat 4 fingers will be extended to the new line, after assessing this short term outcome it will be spread to the other lines of Kit Kat. Pricing : Pricing strategy highlights the various pricing strategy at various time of the product in the near term. Kit Kat Nuts will be first sold to the wholesaler at the price of 13pound per box of 48 pieces and estimated 50p price per unit by the retailer. There will be promotional offers e.g get 48 for the price of 44 to be offered to the retailer to encourage them to buy and stock the Kit Kat Nuts so that to increase the availability of the product for the customers. Distribution Distribution strategy refers to determining the chain by which the product is going to be delivered to the end user. We can choose from available two options (1) Direct distribution or (2) Indirect Distribution. Indirect distribution is the only better option here as it is possible to reach wider market with the use of retailers and Supermarket than having specialized stores at one location. Most of the competitor is also using the indirect channel of distribution for the better service and availability of the product. Wholesalers and Supermarket will also be able to put the order online on the companys website. Marketing Communications The Communication with the targeted market is vital element of the strategy part. By the proper communication with the targeted segment and with the distributing channels better results and partnership can be buildup with agents or middle people. The retailers and other middle persons will be using push strategy by employing personal sale through the specialists sales persons. Further sales promotion activity like camp gathering and stall activity to actively communicate with the customers directly and bring there views and advises. By delivering messages through media and available communications resources, differentiation will be made between Kit Kat Nuts and the rivals product. Advertisement: There will be huge investment on the advertisement by Nestle.e.g The product is going to be launched in the moth of july which come across with the Football World cup, so advertisement will be made showing Football stars eating chocolates for hunger needs when one of the footballer being hungry form playing long football. (E)Marketing mix: Nestle Kit Kat Nuts will be introduced in July. Research outcomes will be gathered and accordingly the following various actions at various times will be taken. Initial set-up: It is going to be huge sales and promotional activities to be carried out in the months of May and June. Personal distribution of the template showing introduction of the Kit Kat Nuts will be introduced. Sample distribution will be undertaken to educate dealers and wholesalers to set-up the product launch in the july 1st quarter (July-sept): We will immediately start advertising our new product mainly through TV/ media. We will use other print media as well e.g Big Hoardings on the main roads showing new Kit Kat Nuts. 2nd quarter (Oct-Dec): As customers get familiar with Kit Kat Nuts, more sales promotion activity will be done by putting prizes under the wrapper, thereby encouraging the customers to buy more of the product. Christmas offers will be made to boost sales and brand awareness among the customers. 3rd quarter (Jan-March): We will introduce New Year sales for quick generating of the sales turnover and increasing market share and brand awareness. Last quarter(April-June): For the first ending year there will be special offers to be made to wholesalers and collaboration will be made with the Supermarket to kick start the new promotional activity for last gasp increase in the sales for the first year ending. (F)Marketing Research: By using a well designed, well executed form of marketing research and data collection, decision makers will have the best quality information at hand and will be able to make informed decisions for the product and the company. (Kate Notes) It is clear from the above stated statement that with the well organized research and development operation, it is possible to be proactive to the future trends in the market. Marketing research facilitates to gain timely knowledge and understanding of the changes in the consumer tastes and preferences and take decision accordingly. Nestlà ©s marketing research is one of the key factor behind its success in various product development. Nestle got 29 research centre worldwide by which every efforts has been made to understand and deliver product according to domestic nutrition level and health requirements. With the help of various research techniques like surveys, answers to the questionnaire, getting feed back form the consumer by adding additional feature in the packaging for the consumer suggestions will be used to verify any changes to be made in the product .Marketing research will provide base for the new product development and innovation in the new market opportunity. (2.2)Financial matters Financial matters are the estimated forecast of the sales and expenditure of the company using suitable method of statistics. In the starting year of operation sales revenue is expected 30million pound, with an average wholesale price of 40p and variable cost per unit 20p for units sale of 7.5million and with the fixed cost of 20million pound. It is anticipated to show a net loss of 5million pound in the first year. The Net loss in the first year is mainly due to the higher material cost and heavy advertisement expenses for the promotion and distribution of the new product in the market. But the situation is expected to improve in the second year because of fewer expenses on the advertisement and increase in the sales revenue. At the end of the second year it is expected to achieve break even point or to achieve better than expected result by showing Net profit. The estimated sales for the second year is expected to 40million pound at the wholesale price of 40p with the variable cost at18p and fixed cost similar to the previous year at 20 million pound by selling 100 million units so that to show net profit of 2 million. (2.3) Controls: There may be time when company does not achieve the desired results in the near term, but that is not the end of the world. The actual result will be compared with the budgeted or expected results and the difference may be put forward in the meeting of the senior executives or marketing department. Controls are being performed for the better implementation and organization of the marketing activities. Implementation: Control measures have been monitored to effectively understand any deviation from the planned action, to efficiently locate the causes for the difference in the action and actual outcome and to take corrective steps. These will ensure that customer satisfaction is being given due importance and that quality standards have been maintained. Marketing Organization Marketing organization may be created for the effective implementation of the action plan. Marketing department may be organized by function or by geography, product, and customer. Individual critical reflection on learning outcome Creating shared value is a fundamental part of Nestlà ©s way of doing business that focuses on the specific areas of the companys core business activities namely Water, Nutrition and rural development-where value can best be created both for the society and shareholders. (http://www2.nestle.com/CSV/Pages/CSV.aspx) One of the main reasons to believe that Nestle delivers value to the customers is that every function and operation has been performed keeping in mind the nutrition, health and wellness of the people. Nutrition, Health and wellness is Nestlà ©s strategic direction. Through science based nutrition product and services, emphasis has been put to enhance the quality of the lives by providing care for the consumers and healh supporting.With the opearation in almost 100 countries over the world by over 20000 employees worldwide Nestle Nutrition operates in basic 4 key areas. Infant Nutrition Weight management Healthcare Nutrition Performance Nutrition Achievements from study of the elements of the marketing mix and role of different element in achieving marketing objectives. For any business organization or entity, the concept of marketing used to be given utmost importance. To be more specific most of the decisions under the marketing management lies around the decision of the 4 Ps of marketing mix namely Product, Price, Place, and Distribution. Marketing Management module provided in depth knowledge which is left unattended by the previous understanding of the subject. I used to believe that Marketing is only a science that follows set of methods and guidelines, but at the end of this module I came to know that marketing is not only science but it both art and science. The Marketing mix of the product assumes that the lerner have fundamental insight of the marketing but not in depth knowledge. I am likely to change my views on application of various marketing tools because of the creative understanding brought forward by the module. In between the process of learning I felt that Marketing is really a very wide concept which requires in depth knowledge and expertise for the individual to gain success in the real world. Tesco: Marketing and Strategy Options Tesco: Marketing and Strategy Options Introduction The marketing strategy is usually a written report or a business plan that helps in the development of generic products on the market, and also addresses issues such as distribution, promotion, marketing objectives and identity the product on the market. The marketing strategy may include the option to salary, position in the market segment. The marketing concept is the most important agreement for any organization to achieve high growth rates in this competition, humanity, one of the most successful participants in the present way of being the life of the organization Business, marketing strategies, and programs. Marketing strategy, the details of this investigation have the example of Tesco, the group of important commercial products in the United Kingdom (Great Britain). Jack Cohen was the founder of the organization of Tesco in 1919 in east London, retired from the day the market Cohen deserves the profits of  £ 4 on the date of creation of the organization, the name Tesco was published in 1924, Cohen was sending floor area well and Mr. T.E with the initials of his organization as Tesco referred to later in Burnt Oak, north London opened Cohen bought the lighthouse design 1932 and later Tesco, Tesco is a limited liability company, this research helps to Tesco, which is a business organization to take the marketing strategy adopted by the company of several of her mandate, you know. (Tim Clark, 2008). Tesco is good, as is well known that the organization of food retailers in the UK, of course, better for customers and Tesco is making their services, although Tesco has some of the principles and theory, that the organization is functioning better than their competitors at the most common principles are based Tesco to improve its business processes to customer satisfaction, ease of access of personnel, investment in cheaper for Tesco. These are the key to the success of any business organization to run successfully if each business unit will not reach any of the above principles, there would be a possibility of falling into the desired organization market. corporate competition is strong in this type of Tesco retail market, but should be able, the value chain for its customers remain confident in all areas, including recruitment, as customers in the market are the real candidates, everyone in the organization must do its work effort to satisfy our customers to develop the organizati on. Another organizing principle is simple personal Tesco cannot say that ordinary people are more like highly skilled workers and able to solve problems very efficiently designed for simple solutions when complex issues are listed in the client and organization. The third principle is the implementation of investment services cheaper and better Tesco, take the large number of customers for the organization to provide (Rosie Blau, 2002). This research may also be useful for some basic frame work to determine how corporate development programs for the implementation of effective customer service. Organizational development programs in general are one of the processes to develop internal capacity of the effective height for the proper functioning of the organization for a long period. The scope of the work of organizational development programs to operate as a key program for all team members for their hard work to fight if they are entitled to their efforts to accomplish the operation and development is organization, the main objective of these types of programs for working with money and vision for the functioning of the organization. Here are some of the basic frameworks are works that are useful for the development of the organization as follows; Survival of the organization If an organization has been able to understand the critical transitions and developed their basic systems would not the chances of survival for the period of time, otherwise it would have collapsed. The Best quality If a marketing organization is able to civilize the quality of work through technical or human investments that can acquire more space in the market. Resource Availability To hold the handle to a company able to generate resources for their work should module on the market. Moral values An organization must have moral values and the client must be carried out internally first and not let the market. Teamwork All members must drive in the form of development cooperation organization in the development of staff and council can improve the performance of the program module, it would be possible to work when an organization has managed to generate cash and energy used to accomplish the mission. The above conditions would be key to the success of Tesco Organization (Ann Philbin and Sandra Mikush, 1999) The research methodology for the development of the organization provides some of the techniques and models used to develop the marketing plan. Avoids many researchers who wrote a marketing plan of the company, all unnecessary expenses if there was a perfect marketing plan would have a dramatic impact on helping sales decline could be tested. So the perfect marketing plan is useful and prevents the collapse of the communication activities of a page, even when agitated. The marketing plan should not be expansive long and complicated, because it is much easier to document, in which the trust. The most important techniques for developing the marketing plan below is used. Situation Analysis First, we must look at the situation of the organization and its market position, intensity and other factors that may affect the marketing strategies, analyzing the situation of market research. The most important aspects that should and must take into account considerations. Challenges if the enterprise is established with the target market at the moment the client before the challenge and built the capacity to attract customers. Your business must be a unique advertising strategy. If you analyze the situation, competition and the number of different things on the market (George Rodriguez, 2010). The methodology of the research on the organization of Tesco explains the detailed summary of the different types of marketing and strategic choices of the organization to promote the adoption of development for any business organization, its activities, which built the four main strategic options markets are, The sale of existing products to existing customers The main advantage of choosing this type of option by the organization because of the less risky option, in which the organization will be more customers for existing products can be found, is easier if the client has played a small role in the niche market recently, most companies include this kind of attracting customers. Sales of new products for existing customers In this type of marketing organization options, the risk is low compared to the previous option is more strategy to the client would be responsible for the type of relief for the organizations resources. Expanding existing products into new markets This marketing option is useful for understanding the demand for existing products where the risk is low compared to the previous options, but not with big eyes, you must decide whether the organization has taken the best route, and product image Business, sales processes and promotional materials are considered to carry the products on market considerations, such as real benefits to extend the application of their mode of operation, customer service and the best time to inspect the goods on the market are included in the considerations. Develop new products for new markets This option is more risky compared to the option in the strategy market since the implementation of the new product on the market may again lead to the diversification measure. Its moving a big challenge for companies in emerging markets at best, and it would be difficult to distribution channels of the facility, managing customer expectations and generate demand for existing competitors, the difficult task which requires large resources, drawn below the curve is called a risk that would be in the range of services or goods collected by organizations (convalescent Stuart, 2010) Tesco has not built individually, but you have to develop their organizations, with the assistance of interested parties, interest groups are nothing more than the particular group of people interested in group activity different from their own interests in the economy, in this case, Tesco has many players are tracking some of them. Customers In general, customers are acting as the main actors in society in general, clients stay ahead of products to choose low-cost and search for variety of products. Tesco is correct actually happened on the client and get more customers to the Organization, Tesco can best business solutions to its clients, which are the main source of income, customers apply pressure on the organization, Tesco has regular reviews with your company to meet customer demand and keep in touch with them, feedback from customers who have a major impact on Tesco because they can suggest ways to improve the strategy cases that the comments of staff shortages such as in the field have a great impact on the activities of Tesco in the organization is unable to respond to customer feedback, the proportion of losing the client. Personal Employees of the people who pay in Tesco Organisation for their work in the organization, employees must be diversity of skills to your salary is decided, the employees working in different sections for their skills, such as cash registers , so clean, if Tesco can find all the staff works hard to develop the organization, he would be entitled to promotion criteria in the organization, the staff is also the main shareholder of the corporation, the organization of the State, offer good working conditions for employees who otherwise would not have a good service to their employment, employees have the greatest impact on the organization of Tesco, the key role in the companys huge profits. Financial It is most important to Tesco, because they need funding to expand its operations, expanding its activities the organization can create more interest from members who work in Tesco, Finance also act as an important player for business because it is the only source of Tesco, if the transaction goes smoothly. Related Searches Other key stakeholders of the company is the supplier, and they expect to offer products for sale at Tesco any other source of income for suppliers of Tesco good is the main reason that acts as a provider of Tesco, in Indeed, Tesco, good supplier to inform the company of about supply in an average time to do so (Medium-Low, 2008) For participation in the above-mentioned strategies for personnel, human resources function is key to winning the implementation, the role of staff in recognition of the responsibility of the personnel department in the implementation of the strategy business, the success of implementation strategies have an impact throughout the organization, ministry staff, the only department that may have access to activities to all employees who have the human resources department informed of problems arise in the implementation strategy of Tesco, this thesis also provide that the HR function is also central to the organization. (2008) Using the theory involves a single prediction that the organization must have certain core values and vision to make a strong base can be implemented within the organization. The values of the organization is at the heart of the vision and shape of the daily operations of the organizations mission, working with the organization describes the role of play and the future functioning of organizations is, if the mission of organization in the realistic evaluation of the company can control this inquiry, the mission, vision and values of the person to make bricks in all decisions of the organization. These aspects are useful for the development of applied following table captures the relationship with the vision, mission and values that are the most important aspects of the organization are known One of the basic skills in achieving the vision, mission and objectives of governance of the organization, the concept of governance is that decisions are taken by the organization on critical issues effectively. A rigorous governance body will provide funding crisis decision-making body; the organizations with the lifeless body of government long-term stay in the organization, more effective management of the organization to build trust between the members are active. The main objective of the government must pay good decisions and policies that reflect the moral values of the organization of corporate governance and contributes to the understanding of social relations between members of the organization. The main functions of the governing body of any organization are to develop skills in members and also to develop leadership qualities (Ann Philbin, Sandra Mikush, 1999) Recently, many changes in Tescos business environment it faces, Tesco is strongly influenced by the many difficulties such as uncertainty affects the market, except for strategic decisions of the difficulties mentioned above includes the Tesco analysis and identification of economic, social, political and technological and business process and PEST analysis is known, in recent years, Tesco in the list of organizations, changes in market environment, as Policies Thats the kind of questions concerning the organization of risk, as Fiscal policy Government stability Regulation of Foreign Trade Monopoly Law Commission Labour Law Economic factors This is the section which covers aspects such as Trends Gnp Inflation Unemployment economic cycles Disposable income Socio-cultural In this field of analysis of problems encountered by Tesco Income Distribution Social Mobility Level of education changes in lifestyle Technological aspects Technological aspects of issues such as technology issues Survey on government spending A rapid increase in technology transfer Price (Ahsan Majeed, 2005) With the help of discussions on this research methodology, Tesco said that previous efforts to overcome successfully created due to changes in the environment and leading the organization to succeed, it is expected that a more is to act effectively change the environment, the criteria for Tesco in the first position in the market has been a great success of Tesco in achieving customer satisfaction and provide a real service to customers, if n is not the answer to Tesco of these changes would not have had the opportunity to abandon the enterprise as a result, a great loss to the organization. Although the organization is most effective when Tesco has some of the major functional areas of the company that performed the operation of his business, small or function of organizations working to bring these people regularly, bill payments and respond to customer requests for this type of work can be limited rights in small firms, but where large companies as it was considered that if the sp ecific tasks and specialize in such large areas is easier to identify employees and between different sectors and ministries, and each of his department has strengthened its position in a particular field. The various functional areas can be presented schematically Tesco, which is then applied, The main objective of the functional areas to ensure that, in order to conduct operations effectively, the main administrative functions of the business organization, Administer This functional area within an organization for all companies in the market is needed in small-scale organizations, this function is to pay a single command, and the bills keep up, while most public place by the relevant authorities main operating, Collect and send emails Document recovery organizing meetings In response to questions collect information provisions for the road Arrangements for interviews and events Service function Another major objective of the organizational functions of the service to their customers, looking all business units to customers who are concerned about the products of these reasons, a separate customer service must be configured to your needs, the duties of customer service, In response to customer demand Provide information to customers Complaints feedback to improve service Functions of HR The most important resource of the human resources function of workers in the organization, most organizations in support of marketing companies with a well trained for the activities of its activities is the human resources function for larger adaptation of new employees in the organization so that the best person for the organization at all organizational functions, select the human resources function is most important because it is a long and expensive process, the hiring the candidate can cause instability in society. New employees are likely to initiate programs for the people involved made the industry and regulators to build a rule, is the other main task of the Human Resources Unit to provide adequate training and staff development which should ensure greater that the company retains qualified employees, to expect people often say that their employers treated and paid fairly and have the appropriate working environment, human resources of this monitoring process the state to help staff work and social policy, most organizations monitoring the conditions of their employees through their trade associations representing workers Senior Communications Human Resources organizations and to inform direction changes, which have the most employees in the organization of their legal obligations regarding health and safety, the working procedure of the main functions of human resources, Press advertising and vacancies the communication possibilities for personal advancement Keep all competitors monitoring the work Keep a record of accidents, such as health and safety Record the employees absence Maintain personnel records Preparation of corporate social policy Therefore, previous discussions, we can say that the HR department is to assume a crucial role in the organization. To effectively carry out its operations Task5 (a) Tesco has to be part of the implementation plans for the execution of preferred destinations and a number of important factors for planning and implementation of market strategy. Tesco should be aware and fully with the conversion table on the following issues and review and often for the successful implementation of organizational strategies. This implementation includes the following topics listed below. Approach This plan refers to the attention of Internet resources in the area and meets the rewards. Objectives This factor should increase the effort and investment, provides for the organization. Competitive Advantage This section of the plan refers to the method of operation in the region, where strong competition, if an organization is not aware of this fact that would probably fall back from its competitors. Superior Performance This action plan is important for the organizations plan, all its members, this strategy must also recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the companys position and meets the needs of the market would be a useful framework for working with success of the organization with market forces. Sustainable competitive advantages This strategy proposes ideas may also work for the organizational period. Innovation and Creativity Create new and innovative ideas and thoughts will help to improve the organization and location of the organization at the cutting edge in comparison with other organizations. Flexibility This is one of the plans for implementing marketing strategies for the invention of new flexible products are allowed, they are difficult to support the number of opportunities that are sensitive to the reality of time working with decisions business, such as Chance and weaknesses of the plan. Basic conceptual simplicity The strategic plan includes plans for some long and complicated, the constant adaptation and change requires a different time, the organization must be aware of information that most strategic plans are based on historical information and forecasts the future. The ability to participate This is the ultimate key to the implementation of any marketing plan is a wonderful strategy makes sense if you support the implementation of its mission, vision and objectives to achieve the desired organization (Brain Monger, 2006). This method of support for research on various aspects, methods and application of the theory that the marketing agency for business growth in the market to determine approval. Must be developed to carry out activities in the marketing strategies of a master plan for any challenge as a variety of implementations that are necessary to implement the plan. The platforms and steps for planning and presentation of the implementation of the marketing strategy are included Action required The services sector includes all activities related to products, pricing and promotional activities and some of the specific application areas such as structural changes, training of staff. Event Time This segment is to plan and schedule of activities is necessary before playing. Identify activities by other means. Most marketing strategies should be in the order that the writing, production and delivery. These activities should be isolated from other activities and services. Order Placement This is the part of managers to control the driving plans of all activities and how to determine the individual activities. Assign responsibility This suggests that managers, many employees, teams and departments to deliver specific activities assigned. Task5 (b) Effective implementation of the development plan is to start operations in a spreadsheet, provides information on individual activities in the Master Plan. Drawn below the graph represents a plan for implementation of marketing activities marketing structure includes different types of elements in the implementation of plans. Figure source: Market Strategy Marketing Strategy This element of the application includes the companys products, distribution, pricing and promotional activities of products. Shared values and goals These application notes are a solitary maintain the unity of the whole operation. Marketing structure This segment includes the activities of the corporate structure of organized marketing. System and process This request covers work activities, the various activities of the inputs to ensure the production of information and activities of the production company of your operation can absorb. People This sector guide implementation firm for the recruitment of skilled workers and their conditions of optimum training, motivation, commitment and satisfaction. Resources Resources include a variety of assets to be purchased together in the implementation of marketing strategies. Leadership This segment manager application guide, how to communicate with all members of the unit and the implementation of programs such as employee motivation (OC Ferrell, Michael D. Hartline, 2008). Task 5 (c) This research on market strategy provides information on various types of risk management strategies in different circumstances. Most researchers focus on such topics as strategies-ante and ex post market structure. ex ante actions that occurred before the loss and ex-post measures were taken after the disaster occurred appeal. For example, firefighters noise after the fire has been exhausted is a posteriori strategy starts from the fall of the chimney after the fire a. In other words, this strategy can be described as a risk coping and risk mitigation techniques that act as synonyms for ex-post and ex ante market strategies. Morduch (1995) calls these two strategies are the measures of income and consumption smoothing. ex-ante strategies are not generally focus on issues such as health risk and income, the market prices are uncertain. Consumption smoothing is never a perfect choice of the strategy of the business thereafter. There were many more changes in the cost of preventive hom e care, health and food preparation took place after the loss, this discussion will help the other strategy is to assess post-ante and former and provide solutions to these issues this thesis. (Marcel Fafchamps, 2003). Task (D) This research is also intended as a guide for managers, the various steps and measures for action to be taken into consideration before implementing new strategies, because the choice of strategy and undesirable aliens would be a great loss for the effective organization created as a loss prevention manager must be able to implement a plan for the organization to understand.

Standardized Tests Do Not Measure Student Achievement Essay example --

Standardized testing has been around since the mid 1800’s. Even though testing has been around for a long time it is still debated whether or not it should precisely â€Å"score† students. Students have been subjected to standardized tests frequently through their years in school due to laws which have been passed by Congress. Decisions about the evaluation of schools and students are recurrently made by government authority and are often not in the best interest of teachers, students, or their classroom environments. What do students achieve from standardized testing? Achievement means something that somebody has succeeded in doing. â€Å"Achievement is more than just test scores but also includes class participation, students’ course-taking patterns, and teachers’ professional development patterns†(Harris, Harris, Smith). How can a test score show someone’s satisfaction or what they believe success is? The tests aren’t that advanced in today’s technology. The tests do prepare students for more important tests such as the ACT, SAT, ASVAB, ect†¦Testing patterns have also been disputed such as drawing a Christmas tree, or limit a letter choice to a certain number of blanks filled in. This does not help the students or the educators in this essence. It does not test the students’ full potential to what they have learned from their educator, it just simply tests the students’ ability to guess quickly under pressure (Walberg). These tests a re usually briefly timed. Depending on how the student paces his or herself depends on how well he or she can take the test, because the student still needs to think logically. Under these circumstances students rush to finish the test forcing them to think illogically, resulting in a low score ul... ...8 Nov. 2013. Popham, W.James. "Why Standardized Tests Don't Measure Educational Quality." Educational Leadership. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov 2013. www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/mar99/vol56/num06/Why- standardized-tests-don't-measure-educational-quality/ "Standardized Tests." procon.org. N.p., 01 Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Nov 2013. . "Standardized Testing: No Child Left Behind." Lawserver. N.p.. Web. 13 Nov 2013. Walberg, Herbert J. "Standardized Tests Effectively Measure Student Achievement." Standardized Testing. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012. At Issue. Rpt. from "Stop the War Against Standardized Tests." Defining Ideas: A Hoover Institution Journal (20 May 2011). Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 8 Nov. 2013.